【英文标准名称】:Environmentalmanagement-Eco-efficiencyassessmentofproductsystems-Principles,requirementsandguidelines.
【原文标准名称】:环境管理.产品体系的生态效益评估.原则,要求和指南
【标准号】:NFX30-305-2012
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2012-08-01
【实施或试行日期】:2012-08-25
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(FR-AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:定义;文献工作;生态学;环境管理;环境管理系统;评定;检验(质量保证);解释;寿命周期评估;管理系统;污染控制;产品规格;产品;质量评定;透明度
【英文主题词】:Definitions;Documentation;Ecology;Environmentalmanagement;Environmentalmanagementsystems;Evaluations;Examination(qualityassurance);Interpretations;Lifecycleassessment;Managementsystems;Pollutioncontrol;Productspecification;Products;Qualityassessment;Transparency
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:13_020_10;13_020_60
【页数】:51P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforSamplingandCountingAirborneFibers,IncludingAsbestosFibers,inMinesandQuarries,byPhaseContrastMicroscopyandTransmissionElectronMicroscopy
【原文标准名称】:用相位比对显微镜和相位传输显微镜取样和计数矿场和采石场内的空气纤维(包含石棉纤维)的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD7200-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D22.04
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:石棉;对比度;计数;电子显微镜;纤维;显微术;矿;相位;露天矿;取样;传输
【英文主题词】:airmonitoring;asbestos;fibers;membranefiltermethod;minesandquarries;phasecontrastmicroscopy;samplingandanalysis
【摘要】:1.1Thispracticedescribesthedeterminationoftheconcentrationoffibers,expressedasthenumberofsuchfiberspermillilitreofair,usingphasecontrastmicroscopyandoptionallytransmissionelectronmicroscopytoevaluateparticulatematerialcollectedonamembranefilterinthebreathingzoneofanindividualorbyareasamplinginaspecificlocation.ThispracticeisbasedonthecoreproceduresprovidedintheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)StandardISO8672(1),theNationalInstituteforOccupationalandHealth(NIOSH)ManualofAnalyticalMethods,NIOSH7400(2),andtheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)MethodID160(3).Thispracticeindicatestheimportantpointswherethesemethodsdiffer,andprovidesinformationregardingthedifferences.However,selectingportionsofproceduresfromdifferentpublishedmethodsgenerallyrequiresausertoreportthattheyhaveusedamodificationtoamethodratherthanclaimtheyhaveusedthemethodaswritten.Thispracticefurthergivesguidanceonhowdifferentialcountingtechniquesmaybeusedtoindicatewhereapopulationoffibersmaybeasbestos.1.2Thepracticeisusedforroutinedeterminationofanindexofoccupationalexposuretoairbornefibersinmines,quarries,orotherlocationswhereoremaybeprocessedorhandled.Themethodgivesanindexofairbornefiberconcentration.Themethodprovidesanestimateofthefractionofcountedfibersthatmaybeasbestos.Thispracticeshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithelectronmicroscopy(SeeAppendixX1)forassistanceinidentificationoffibers.1.3Thispracticespecifiestheequipmentandproceduresforsamplingtheatmosphereinthebreathingzoneofanindividualandfordeterminingthenumberoffibersaccumulatedonafiltermembraneduringthecourseofanappropriately-selectedsamplingperiod.Themethodmayalsobeusedtosampletheatmosphereinaspecificlocationinamineorinaroomofabuilding(areasampling).1.4Theidealworkingrangeofthispracticeextendsfrom100fibers/mm2to1300fibers/mm2offilterarea.Fora1000-Lairsample,thiscorrespondstoaconcentrationrangefromapproximately0.04to0.5fiber/mL(orfiber/cm3).Lowerandhigherrangesoffiberconcentrationcanbemeasuredbyreducingorincreasingthevolumeofaircollected.However,whenthispracticeisappliedtopersonalsamplinginminesandquarries,theleveloftotalsuspendedparticulatemayimposeanupperlimittothevolumeofairthatcanbesampledifthefiltersproducedaretobeofappropriateparticulateloadingforfibercounting.1.5UsersshoulddeterminetheirownlimitofdetectionusingtheprocedureinPracticeD6620.Forreference,theNIOSH7400methodgivesthelimitofdetectionas7fibers/mm178;offilterarea.Fora1000-Lairsample,thiscorrespondstoalimitofdetectionof0.0027fiber/mL(orfiber/cm179;).ForOSHAID160thelimitofdetectionisgivenas5.5fibers/mm178;offilterarea.Fora1000-Lairsample,thiscorrespondstoalimitofdetectionof0.0022fiber/mL(orfiber/cm179;).1.6Ifthispracticeyieldsafiberconcentrationthatdoesnotexceedone-halfthepermissibleexposurelimitorthresholdlimitvaluefortheparticularregulatedfibervariety,nofurtheractionmaybenecessary.Ifthefiberconcentrationexceedsone-halfoftheregulatedpermissibleexposurelimitorthresholdlimitvaluefortheparticularregulatedfibervariety,examinethedatatodetermineifmorethan50%ofthecountedfibersmaybebundles,fiberslongerthan10956;m,orfibersthinnerthan1.0956;m.Ifthesecountsexceed50%ofthetotalcount,thenthereisanincreasedpossibilitythatasbestosispresentinthesample.UsetheoptionalmethodspecifiedinAppendixX1tomeasuretheconcentrationorproportionofthe......
【中国标准分类号】:C70
【国际标准分类号】:13_040_30
【页数】:24P.;A4
【正文语种】: